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Iraq oil and gas need are vast , some of the
information in this section should help
companies choose what sector they would like to
be included in as far as our show and conference
directory
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Refinery operations fall
into five major categories that involve
separation, cracking, rearrangement, and
blending of hydrocarbons. How major
processes are used varies considerably
from refinery to refinery, as well as
within an individual refinery, depending
on the product slate that is desired
|
Category |
Major Technologies |
| Topping
(Separation of Crude Oil) |
Atmoshperic Distillation
Vacuum Distillation
Solvent Deasphalting |
|
Thermal and Catalytic Cracking |
Delayed
Coking
Fluid Coking/Flexicoking
Visbreaking
Catalytic Cracking
Catalytic Hydrocracking |
|
Combination/Rearrangement of
Hydrocarbons |
Alkylation
Catalytic Reforming
Polymerization
Isomerization
Ethers Manufacture |
|
Treating |
Catalytic
Hydrotreating/Hydroprocessing
Sweetening/Sulfur Removal
Gas Treatment |
| Specialty
Product Manufacture |
Lube Oil
Grease
Asphalt |
Source:
DOE 1998
Cogeneration Technologies
Cogeneration in the petroleum industry often involves steam turbines
Generic Technologies
Almost half of petroleum establishments report using adjustable speed motors to
increase efficiency |
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Establishments primarily engaged in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate
fuel oils, residual fuel oils, and
lubricants, through fractionation or
straight distillation of crude oil,
redistillation of unfinished petroleum
derivatives, cracking or other
processes. Establishments of this
industry also produce aliphatic and
aromatic chemicals as by-products.
Establishments primarily engaged in
producing natural gasoline from natural
gas are classified in mining industries.
Those manufacturing lubricating oils and
greases by blending and compounding
purchased materials are included in
Industry 2992. Establishments primarily
re-refining used lubricating oils are
classified in Industry 2992.
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing cyclic and acyclic organic
chemicals are classified in Major Group
28.
- Acid oil, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Alkylates, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Aromatic chemicals, made in
petroleum refineries
- Asphalt and asphaltic materials:
liquid and solid produced in
- Benzene, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Butadiene, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Butylene, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Coke, petroleum produced in
petroleum refineries
- Ethylene, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Fractionation products of crude
petroleum, produced in petroleum
- Gas, refinery or still oil
produced in petroleum refineries
- Gases, liquefied petroleum
produced in petroleum refineries
- Gasoline blending plants
- Gasoline, except natural
gasoline
- Greases, lubricating: produced
in petroleum refineries
- Hydrocarbon fluid, produced in
petroleum refineries
- Jet fuels
- Kerosene
- Mineral jelly, produced in
petroleum refineries
- Mineral oils, natural: produced
in petroleum refineries
- Mineral waxes, natural: produced
in petroleum refineries
- Naphtha, produced in petroleum
refineries
- Naphthenic acids, produced in
petroleum refineries
- Oils, partly refined sold for
rerunning produced in petroleum
- Oils fuel, lubricating, and
illuminating produced in petroleum
- Paraffin wax, produced in
petroleum refineries
- Petrolatums, produced in
petroleum refineries
Major Group 29: Petroleum Refining
And Related Industries
This major group includes
establishments primarily engaged in
petroleum refining, manufacturing paving
and roofing materials, and compounding
lubricating oils and greases from
purchased materials. Establishments
manufacturing and distributing gas to
consumers are classified in public
utilities industries, and those
primarily engaged in producing coke and
by-products are classified in Major
Group 33.
Industry Group 291: Petroleum
Refining
2911 Petroleum Refining
Industry Group 295: Asphalt Paving
And Roofing Materials
2951 Asphalt Paving Mixtures
and Blocks
2952 Asphalt Felts and Coatings
Industry Group 299: Miscellaneous
Products Of Petroleum And Coal
2992 Lubricating Oils and
Greases
2999 Products of Petroleum and
Coal, Not Elsewhere Classified
Industry Group 295: Asphalt Paving
And Roofing Materials
2951 Asphalt Paving Mixtures and
Blocks
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing asphalt and tar paving
mixtures; and paving blocks made of
asphalt and various compositions of
asphalt or tar with other materials.
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing brick, concrete, granite,
and stone paving blocks are classified
in Major Group 32.
- Asphalt and asphaltic mixtures
for paving, not made in refineries
- Asphalt paving blocks, not made
in petroleum refineries
- Asphaltic concrete, not made in
petroleum refineries
- Coal tar paving materials, not
made in petroleum refineries
- Composition blocks for paving
- Concrete, bituminous
- Mastic floor composition, hot
and cold
- Road materials, bituminous: not
made in petroleum refineries
- Tar and asphalt mixtures for
paving, not made in petroleum
refineries
Back to Top
2952 Asphalt Felts and Coatings
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing, from purchased materials,
asphalt and other saturated felts in
roll or shingle form, either smooth or
faced with grit, and in manufacturing
roofing cements and coatings.
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing paint are classified in
Industry 2851, and those manufacturing
linoleum and tile cement are classified
in Industry 2891.
- Asphalt roof cement-mfpm
- Asphalt saturated board-mfpm
- Brick siding, asphalt-mfpm
- Coating compounds, tar-mfpm
- Fabrics, roofing: asphalt or tar
saturated-mfpm
- Insulating siding,
impregnated-mfpm
- Mastic roofing composition-mfpm
- Pitch, roofing-mfpm
- Roof cement: asphalt, fibrous,
and plastics-mfpm
- Roof coatings and cements:
liquid and plastics-mfpm
- Roofing felts, cements, and
coatings: asphalt, tar, and
- Roofing, asphalt or tar
saturated felt: built-up, roll, and
shingle-mfpm
- Sheathing, asphalt
saturated-mfpm
- Shingles, asphalt or tar
saturated felt: strip and
individual-mfpm
- Siding, insulating:
impregnated-mfpm
- Tar paper, roofing-mfpm
Back to Top
Industry Group 299: Miscellaneous
Products Of Petroleum And Coal
2992 Lubricating Oils and Greases
Establishments primarily engaged in
blending, compounding, and re-refining
lubricating oils and greases from
purchased mineral, animal, and vegetable
materials. Petroleum refineries engaged
in the production of lubricating oils
and greases are classified in Industry
2911.
- Brake fluid, hydraulic-mfpm
- Cutting oils, blending and
compounding from purchased material
- Greases, lubricating-mfpm
- Hydraulic fluids-mfpm
- Lubricating greases and
oils-mfpm
- Re-refining lubricating oils and
greases-mfpm
- Rust arresting compounds, animal
and vegetable oil base-mfpm
- Transmission fluid-mfpm
2999 Products of Petroleum and Coal, Not
Elsewhere Classified
Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing packaged fuel, powdered
fuel, and other products of petroleum
and coal, not elsewhere classified.
- Calcined petroleum coke-mfpm
- Coke, petroleum: not produced in
petroleum refineries
- Fireplace logs, made from coal
- Fuel briquettes or boulets, made
with petroleum binder
- Waxes, petroleum: not produced
in petroleum refineries
Back to Top
- Integrated Formation Evaluation
- Directional Drilling
- Drill Bits
- Measurement While Drilling
- Surface Logging Systems
- Drilling Fluids Systems
- Fluids Environmental Services
- Coring Services
- Wireline Logging
- Reservoir and Petrophysical
Analysis
Completion Services
- Flow Control
- Packer Systems
- Completion Fluids and Services
- Fishing Solutions
- Service Tools
- Completion Systems
- Perforating Systems
- APEX Big Bore Systems
- Sand Control
- High-Pressure/High-Temperature
- Deepwater Upper Completions
- Inflatable Systems
- Safety Systems
- Liner Hangers
- Multilaterals/Expandables
Enterprise Solutions
- Integrated FE
- GeoThermal
- Water Management
- Deepwater
Production Management
- Well Monitoring
- HI-M-PACT Low Dosage Hydrate
Inhibitors
- Thru-Tubing Intervention
- Workover Services
- Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP)
- Production Services
- Specialty Chemical Programs
- Oil/Water Separation and
Treatment Systems
- Reservoir Management
- Pipeline Management
- Re-entry
Pipeline Services
- Seismic Acquisition & Processing
- Integrated Formation Evaluation
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In 1997, the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) reclassified all U.S.
industries under a new code the North
American Industry Classification System,
or NAICS. [OMB 1997] These
classifications were used in the most
recent Survey of Manufactures conducted
by the Department of Commerce, as well
as by other Federal agencies that
collect data from industry. The NAICS
codes for the petroleum industry are
listed below. The move from SICs to
NAICS resulted in some changes in the
way industries are categorized. For
comparison of SIC versus NAICS
categories, selected SIC-based energy
data is available
online.
|
NAICS |
Major Products |
| 324 Petroleum
and Coal Products Manufacturing |
| 32411 Petroleum
Refineries |
Gasoline,
kerosene, distillate fuel oils,
residual fuel oils, and
aliphatic and aromatic chemicals |
| 32412 Asphalt
Paving, Roofing, and Saturated
Materials Manufacturing |
|
| 324121 Asphalt
Paving Mixture and Block
Manufacturing |
Asphalt and tar
paving mixtures and paving
blocks mixed with asphalt or tar |
324121 Asphalt
Paving Mixture and Block
Manufacturing
324122 Asphalt Shingle and
Coating Materials Manufacturing |
Asphalt an
saturated felts in roll or
shingle form, roofing cements
and coatings |
| 32419 Other
Petroleum and Coal Products
Manufacturing |
Brake fluids,
briquettes, petroleum jelly,
waxes |
| 324191 Petroleum
Lubricating Oil and Grease
Manufacturing |
Lubricants and
greases |
| 324199 All Other
Petroleum and Coal Products
Manufacturing |
|
| 211 Oil and Gas
Extraction |
| 211111 Crude
Petroleum and Natural Gas |
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This major group includes establishments
primarily engaged in: (1) producing
crude petroleum and natural gas; (21
extracting oil from oil sands and oil
shale; (3) producing natural gasoline
and cycle condensate; and (4) producing
gas and hydrocarbon liquids from coal at
the mine site. Types of activities
included are exploration, drilling, oil
and gas well operation and maintenance,
the operation of natural gasoline and
cycle plants, and the gasification,
liquefaction, and pyrolysis of coal at
the mine site. This major group also
includes such basic activities as
emulsion breaking and desilting of crude
petroleum in the preparation of oil and
gas customarily done at the field site.
Pipeline transportation of petroleum,
gasoline, and other petroleum products
(except crude petroleum field gathering
lines) is classified in Transportation
and Public Utilities, Major Group 46,
and of natural gas in Major Group 49.
Establishments primarily engaged in
petroleum refining and in the production
of lubricating oils and greases are
classified in Manufacturing, Major Group
29.Back to Top
Industry Group 131: Crude Petroleum And
Natural Gas
1311 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas
Establishments primarily engaged in
operating oil and gas field properties.
Such activities may include exploration
for crude petroleum and natural gas;
drilling, completing, and equipping
wells; operation of separators, emulsion
breakers, desilting equipment, and field
gathering lines for crude petroleum; and
all other activities in the preparation
of oil and gas up to the point of
shipment from the producing property.
This industry includes the production of
oil through the mining and extraction of
oil from oil shale and oil sands and the
production of gas and hydrocarbon
liquids through gasification, liquid
faction, and pyrolysis of coal at the
mine site. Also included are
establishments which have complete
responsibility for operating oil and gas
wells for others on a contract or fee
basis. Establishments primarily engaged
in performing oil field services for
operators on a contract or fee basis are
classified in Industry Group 138.
- Crude oil production
- Crude petroleum production
- Kerogen processing
- Natural gas production
Industry Group 132: Natural Gas
Liquids
1321 Natural Gas Liquids
Establishments primarily engaged in
producing liquid hydrocarbons from oil
and gas field gases. Establishments
recovering liquefied petroleum gases
incidental to petroleum refining or to
the manufacturing of chemicals are
classified in Manufacturing, Major Group
28 or Major Group 29. Establishments
recovering helium from natural gas are
classified in Manufacturing, Major Group
28.
- Butane (natural) production
- Casing-head butane and propane
production
- Cycle condensate production
(natural gas)
- Ethane (natural) production
- Fractionating natural gas
liquids
- Isobutane (natural) production
- Liquefied petroleum gases
(natural) production
- Natural gas liquids production
- Natural gasoline production
- Propane (natural) production
Back to Top
Industry Group 138: Oil And Gas Field
Services
1381 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells
Establishments primarily engaged in
drilling wells for oil or gas field
operations for others on a contract or
fee basis. This industry includes
contractors that specialize in spudding
in, drilling in, redrilling, and
directional drilling.
- Directional drilling of oil and
gas wells on a contract basis
- Redrilling oil and gas wells on
a contract basis
- Reworking oil and gas wells on a
contract basis
- Spudding in oil and gas wells on
a contract basis
- Well drilling gas, oil, and
water intake: on a contract basis
1382 Oil and Gas Field Exploration
Services
Establishments primarily engaged in
performing geophysical, geological, and
other exploration services for oil and
gas on a contract or fee basis.
- Aerial geophysical exploration,
oil and gas field on a contract
basis
- Exploration, oil and gas field
on a contract basis
- Geological exploration, oil and
gas field on a contract basis
- Geophysical exploration, oil and
gas field on a contract basis
- Seismograph surveys, oil and gas
field on a contract basis
Back to Top
1389 Oil and Gas Field Services, Not
Elsewhere Classified
Establishments primarily engaged in
performing oil and gas field services,
not elsewhere classified, for others on
a contract or fee basis. Services
included are excavating slush pits and
cellars; gradings and building of
foundations at well locations; well
surveying; running, cutting, and pulling
casings tubes, and rods; cementing
wells; shooting wells; perforating well
casings; acidizing and chemically
treating wells; and cleaning out,
bailing, and swabbing wells.
Establishments which have complete
responsibility for operating oil and gas
wells for others on a contract or fee
basis are classified according to the
product extracted rather than as oil and
gas field services. Establishments
primarily engaged in hauling oil and gas
field supplies and equipment are
classified in Division E, Transportation
and Public Utilities. Establishments
primarily engaged in oil and gas field
machine shop work are classified in
Manufacturing, Industry 3599.
- Acidizing wells on a contract
basis
- Bailing wells on a contract
basis
- Building oil and gas well
foundations on a contract basis
- Cementing oil and gas well
casings on a contract basis
- Chemically treating wells on a
contract basis
- Cleaning lease tanks, oil and
gas field on a contract basis
- Cleaning wells on a contract
basis
- Derrick building, repairing, and
dismantling oil and gas-on a
contract
- Dismantling of oil well rigs
(oil field service) on a contract
basis
- Erecting lease tanks, oil and
gas field on a contract basis
- Excavating slush pits and
cellars on a contract basis
- Fishing for tools, oil and gas
field on a contract basis
- Gas compressing natural gas at
the field on a contract basis
- Gas well rig building,
repairing, and dismantling on a
contract basis
- Grading oil and gas well
foundations on a contract basis
- Hard banding service on a
contract basis
- Hot oil treating of oil field
tanks on a contract basis
- Hot shot service: on a contract
basis
- Hydraulic fracturing wells on a
contract basis
- Impounding and storing salt
water in connection with petroleum
- Lease tanks, oil and gas field:
erecting, cleaning, and repairing-on
a
- Logging wells on a contract
basis
- Mud service, oil field drilling:
on a contract basis
- Oil sampling service for oil
companies on a contract basis
- Oil well logging on a contract
basis
- Perforating well casings on a
contract basis
- Pipe testing service, oil and
gas field: on a contract basis
- Plugging and abandoning wells on
a contract basis
- Pumping of oil and gas wells on
a contract basis
- Removal of condensate gasoline
from field gathering lines: on a
- Roustabout service: on a
contract basis
- Running, cutting, and pulling
casings, tubes, and rods: oil and
- Servicing oil and gas wells on a
contract basis
- Shooting wells on a contract
basis
- Shot-hole drilling service, oil
and gas field: on a contract basis
- Surveying wells on a contract
basis, except seismographic
- Swabbing wells: on a contract
basis
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|
Term |
Description |
|
1P |
Proven reserves |
|
2P |
Proven and Probable reserves |
|
barrel/bbl |
The standard unit of measurement for all production and sales one
barrel equals 159 litres or 35
imperial gallons |
|
bcf |
Billion cubic feet where a billion is defined as 109. On average 1 bcf
of sales gas = 1.055 petajoules
|
|
boe |
Barrels of oil equivalent - the factor used to convert volumes of
different hydrocarbon production
to barrels of oil equivalent.
Conversion rate used by Oil
Search for gas is 6,000 cubic
feet gas is equivalent to 1
barrel of oil |
|
bopd |
Barrels of oil per day |
|
BTU |
British Thermal Units, a measure of thermal energy. 1 BTU is
equivalent to 1,055 joules |
|
CNG |
Compressed natural gas |
|
development well |
Wells designed to produce hydrocarbons from a gas or oil field within
a proven productive reservoir
defined by exploration or
appraisal drilling |
|
GOR |
Gas to oil ratio |
|
hydrocarbons |
Solid, liquid or gas compounds of the elements hydrogen and carbon |
|
LNG |
Liquefied natural gas |
|
LPG |
Liquid petroleum gas |
|
MENA |
Middle East / North Africa |
|
mmbbl |
Million barrels |
|
mmscf/d |
Million standard cubic feet per day |
|
mmtpa |
Million tonnes per annum (LNG) |
|
PDL |
Petroleum Development Licence |
|
PL |
Pipeline Licence |
|
PRL |
Petroleum Retention Licence |
|
PJ |
Petajoules joules are the metric measurement unit for energy a
petajoule is equal to 1 joule x
1015 |
|
PNG |
Papua New Guinea |
|
PPL |
Petroleum Prospecting Licence |
|
Proven reserves |
Proven reserves are those reserves that to a high degree of certainty
(90% confidence), are
recoverable there is
relatively little risk
associated with these reserves |
|
Proven & probable reserves |
Proven and Probable reserves (2P) are reserves that analysis of
geological and engineering data
suggests are more likely than
not to be recoverable there is
at least a 50% probability that
reserves recovered will exceed
Proven and Probable reserves |
|
Seismic Survey |
A survey used to gain an understanding of rock formations beneath the
earths surface |
|
tcf |
Trillion cubic feet (measurement of gas volume) |
|
wildcats |
Exploration wells testing new play concepts or structures distanced
from current fields |
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U.S. Advised Iraqi Ministry on Oil Deals A group of American advisers led by a small State Department team played an integral part in drawing up contracts between the Iraqi government and five major Western oil companies
2008-06-30 More Details
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South Korea secures Kurdish oil exploration rights The South Korean state-run Korea National Oil Corp. secured the exploration rights for eight oil fields in northern Iraqi Kurdistan
2008-06-30 More Details
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Kurdish energy deals stoke diplomatic dispute The oil deals brokered between South Korean and Canadian energy firms and the Kurdish government weigh on regional relations officials say
2008-06-29 More Details
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Canada's Talisman Energy (NYSE:TLM) signed Kurdish oil and gas deals Subsidiaries of the Canadian firm Talisman Energy signed oil deals with Iraq's Kurdish government to produce oil and gas in the northern Iraqi provinces
2008-06-29 More Details
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Iraq will pay cash to oil companies, says minister Iraq will pay the winners of a tender to boost production from existing oil fields in cash
2008-06-29 More Details
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Iraq earmarks $8 million for new state oil company Iraq's government says it will allocate about $8 million for a fourth state-run oil company
2008-06-29 More Details
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New Iraq oil firm aims to triple production in Maysan The Iraqi government said it is setting up a new oil company in the southeastern province of Maysan
2008-06-29 More Details
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Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE:RDS-A) eyeing Iraqi pipeline projects Royal Dutch Shell is vying for access to the oil and gas sectors in Iraq as a means to expand its export options in the Middle East and Europe
2008-06-29 More Details
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